Phase role of missile defense means in the cold war history
- Paper number
IAC-08.E4.2.8
- Author
Mrs. Irina Fedorenko, National aerospace educational center of youth named after A. Makarov, Ukraine
- Year
2008
- Abstract
We can differentiate the three phases in the confrontation of the two social and political systems, which started after the World War II and was called cold war.
First phase – nuclear arms race during which the USSR liquidated monopoly of the USA on atomic and hydrogen weapons (1946-1953).
Second phase – missile race during which the both countries tried to sustain nuclear-missile parity (1951-1970).
Third phase – development of missile defense systems and their fighting means (since 1960).
By the moment of achieving of nuclear-missile parity (mid 60-s) the USA gained certain success in research and experiments on interception of ballistic missiles warheads. This resulted in enhancement by the USSR of interception fighting facilities efforts. Full-scale scientific research and experimental development of such facilities were carried out. In particular, at Yangel Yuzhnoye State Design Office the works under guidance of N.F.Gerasyuta, Deputy General Designer, were following the three directions:
- ballistic means (creation of orbital space
heads, maneuvering space heads, controllable space heads with
self-direction on area, creation of multi-block separable space
heads);
radio technical means (space heads masking, generating of background noise and jamming signals for radio-locators);
creation of false targets, radio pattern of which is maximally close to that of a space head.
To solve these tasks a number of organizational and technical measures were taken, including:
- organization of special-purpose design and
development division;
creation of bench base for experiments;
creation of rocket test track Kapustin Yar range – lake Balkhash;
modification of missiles P-12 and P-14 for tests;
cooperation with leading special-purpose organizations for scientific support.
By early 70-ies first systems of space heads protection were created. They included such elements as efficient radiation-screening coating, radio-locating characteristics distortion means, false targets. These means turned to be efficient enough for the both confronting sides (the USA and the USSR) to understand that further tension growing had no sense. The achieved parity became the basis for negotiations between the heads of states, L.Brezhnev and R.Nikson, on limitation of strategic armaments. In 1972 they signed the Agreement OCB-1, and later on, OCB-2. Cold war in the world began to decline and the phase role in this was played by the developed missile-defense means created.
- ballistic means (creation of orbital space
heads, maneuvering space heads, controllable space heads with
self-direction on area, creation of multi-block separable space
heads);
- Abstract document
- Manuscript document
IAC-08.E4.2.8.pdf (🔒 authorized access only).
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