Lunar Surface Space Traffic Management: Considerations for Future Regulations
- Paper number
GLEX-2025,11,IP,15,x93808
- Author
Mr. KangSan Kim, ispace, inc., Korea, Republic of
- Coauthor
Dr. Bin Li, Australia
- Coauthor
Dr. Yucong Wang, The University of Newcastle Australia, Australia
- Year
2025
- Abstract
This study considers the future need for traffic regulation on the lunar surface. It considers geographic conditions, crew safety, expected traffic demands, and environmental impacts. The purpose of this study is to serve as a starting point for future discussions about developing norms and rules for traffic management on the lunar surface. The geographic considerations look into the unique geographic landscape of the lunar surface, which is riddled with craters (rim and dip areas), valleys, and mountains. Navigation and positioning in this environment can be informed by practices applicable to Earth, yet further technological advances are needed to take into account differences in sunlight availability, latitudes, Earth-facing / far-facing, and libration zones. The crew considerations include whether crewed or uncrewed surface crafts will operate in different legal environments, such as whether liability for accidents will be attributed to individuals, corporations, or states. The considerations also involve the safety mechanisms required for crewed crafts, and whether requirements for communication, safety clearance, alerts, and availability of relief/rescue need to be factored into future regulations. The traffic considerations include how to develop the ‘rules of the road’ for the Moon, especially when mobility infrastructures such as highways and railways are constructed. Priority of passage, direction of mutual bypass, and signals are factors that need to be considered when two or more vehicles are operating in close proximity. It is suggested that long-standing rules for maritime navigation may be useful in developing the regime for lunar traffic management. It will also be important to consider the lunar environmental impacts of traffic, including the effects of emissions and the management of waste and obsolete vehicles. The conclusions from this study hope to serve as guidance for future discussions on cislunar space traffic management as missions, vehicles, and areas served under different countries mature over the years.
- Abstract document
- Manuscript document
GLEX-2025,11,IP,15,x93808.pdf (🔒 authorized access only).
To get the manuscript, please contact IAF Secretariat.