TRANSPORTATION SCENARIOS FOR HUMAN LUNAR EXPLORATION
- Paper number
IAC-05-A5.2.06
- Author
Mr. Philippe Augros, EADS Astrium, France
- Year
2005
- Abstract
EADS-ST has performed an end-to-end analysis of the different scenarios envisaged for the near future human exploration of the Moon, focusing on transportation aspects: launchers, insertion stages, lunar descent and ascent modules.
This paper will provide the main results of this study. The different Lunar exploration scenarios range from direct landing/direct return to LEO rendezvous/Lunar rendezvous options, according to the introduction or not of intermediate rendezvous for assembly and disassembly of the components (Apollo was a direct launch/lunar rendezvous scenario). The main option being an assembly in Low Earth Orbit, the interest of an assembly in Lunar orbit or a direct Lunar targeting are also envisaged. L1 rendezvous and assembly is another option considered
Each scenario is sized for an assumption of a short stay of a crew of 4 astronauts. The analysis includes the aspect of launch scenario, with sometimes, in case of LEO orbit assembly, several options that are discussed according to the different possibilities of launch packaging. Another point is the sharing between distinct stages or, on the opposite, a merging strategy within a unique stage of the different ΔV’s to be performed (from one burn per stage to several burns per stage).
The reference propulsion is LOX/LH2 for stages with small in-orbit life-time (typicaly Trans Lunar Insertion stages) and storable propellant for the other stages. The influence of all LOX/LH2 propulsion is also assessed. The impact of a mass reduction of the return vehicle is evaluated as well.
The sizing of the scenario is done for two different assumptions, one being a short stay equatorial mission with minimum ΔV (corresponding to the early first missions) and the other offering a complete access to Moon surface and extended duration, corresponding to a complete Moon exploration and to an increased ΔV budget. The comparison between the two assumptions will give the cost of a complete Moon exploration with respect to a flag and footprints mission and will drive the strategy of assets development in a spiral approach.
The comparison of the various scenarios focuses on complexity, mass budget, launcher requirements, safety aspects and growth potential. Each scenario will be measured with these various criteria and the conclusion will emphasize the main promising candidates.
- Abstract document
- Manuscript document
IAC-05-A5.2.06.pdf (🔒 authorized access only).
To get the manuscript, please contact IAF Secretariat.