• Home
  • Current congress
  • Public Website
  • My papers
  • root
  • browse
  • IAC-05
  • E6
  • 4
  • paper
  • The Euro-Russian cooperation in space and Export Controls: policies and practices

    Paper number

    IAC-05-E6.4.13

    Author

    Mrs. Macha Ejova, France

    Year

    2005

    Abstract
    After the launch of the Sputnik I in 1957, the space activities were characterized by the competition between the United States and the USSR. At the beginning, Europe had essentially technical cooperation with USSR, however, certain European States and in particular France developed at a very early stage the cooperation’s policies, some examples of what resulted from that cooperation: in 1972, a first French satellite (SRET 1) was launched by a Soviet rocket; in 1982, the French astronaut Jean Loup Chrétien will be the first Western astronaut to fly with a Soviet crew on board the station Salyut 7. 
    The end of the Cold war extended the opportunities to undertake space activities, because the cooperation has replaced the confrontation. 
    Since 1967, the agreements and principles adopted by the United Nations reflected this will of the States, which led to the adoption, in 1996, of the Declaration on international cooperation in the exploration and use of outer space for the benefit and in the interest of all states, taking into particular account the needs of developing countries.
    The cooperation between Europe and Russia results in the concluding of agreements envisaging the technology transfer between the two parts. Nevertheless, if the space cooperation is a posted objective of the states, it is a difficult exercise because of the official regulations concerning the export controls of technologies. The regulations elaborated by the states in order to control the technology transfer constitute a barrier to with the free cooperation between the states in the space field. Indeed, if the objectives of the cooperation are clearly posted with the reading of the international and multilateral legislation, the technology transfers constitute the most significant part of the space matter. These regulations make it possible for the states to carry out export controls of sensitive technologies banned for third countries and thus maintain a certain control on the international cooperation between the companies. In this article, we will study the policy and practices of Russia and Europe in regards to the export controls and what consequences it has on the cooperation in the space field.
    
    Abstract document

    IAC-05-E6.4.13.pdf

    Manuscript document

    IAC-05-E6.4.13.pdf (🔒 authorized access only).

    To get the manuscript, please contact IAF Secretariat.