Integration of an algal photobioreactor into an environmental control and life support system of a space station

Paper number

IAC-06-D1.2.08

Author

Mrs. Britta Ganzer, University of Stuttgart, Germany

Year

2006

Abstract

Human space exploration is closely related to the realization of new regenerative life support systems to be operated on autonomous space or surface stations as well as transfer vehicles. Thereby, the minimization of system and re-supply mass, food in particular, is crucial. For that reason the integration of an innovative algal photobioreactor (PBR) into an environmental control and life support system (ECLSS) aboard a small space station accommodating up to six astronauts was investigated. The paper focuses on the performance as an in-situ food production system, besides its tasks as a bio-regenerative air revitalization system.

Based on existing terrestrial technology, a PBR for space applications was designed and a simulation model was created. For photoactive illumination of the algae, a solar light concentrator, linked to light emitters through optic fibers, was anticipated. While in eclipse time, LED’s were meant to assure an artificial lighting. The operation of the PBR incorporated into a physico-chemical ECLSS was simulated and tested within various mission scenarios, including numerous system failures, employing the software tool ELISSA, developed at the Institute of Space Systems of Stuttgart University.

The analysis of the simulation results confirms the PBR
to be sufficient in consuming carbon dioxide and thereby providing oxygen and food to crew of a space station. Considerable mass savings in re-supply are verified, not only as at least part of the food is provided by the algae produced in the PBR, but also because of synergistic effects. It is shown, that the application of the technology is feasible at reasonable system volume, mass and power, even for the rather small stations of the near future.

The PBR proves to be an effective addition to the air revitalization system as well as essential element of the food supply. It contributes to the closure of the carbon cycle in the artificial environment. The integration of the versatile technology enhances the synergy and redundancy of the entire ECLSS.

Abstract document

IAC-06-D1.2.08.pdf

Manuscript document

IAC-06-D1.2.08.pdf (🔒 authorized access only).

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