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  • International Cooperation in Earth Observations: An Exploration of Motivations

    Paper number

    IAC-07-B1.1.03

    Author

    Dr. Ray A. Williamson, Space Policy Institute, George Washington University, United States

    Year

    2007

    Abstract
    International cooperation in space-based Earth observations has a long history, driven in part by the global nature of many of the observations. Just as nations have many different motivations for developing a formal space program, they also have various motivations for cooperating on Earth observations with other nations, both in bilateral and in multilateral arrangements. International cooperation takes several forms and may involve participants having several different levels of technical capability. Even countries with very extensive Earth observations capabilities seek cooperative ventures.
    
    Because of the pervasive nature of cooperation in Earth observations, many observers, especially students, tend to take it for granted, seldom questioning or examining the reasons why countries might seek to establish international cooperative arrangements in Earth observations. Yet, not all cooperative ventures are completely successful in providing expected benefits to participants.
    
    This paper examines the various motivations for cooperation in Earth observations. Through an exploration of several specific cases, this paper also explores a range of cooperative models. It concludes that through subjecting their motives to careful scrutiny and understanding fully what each will gain (or may give up) from participation, potential participants in a cooperative venture can enhance not only the overall success of the arrangement they are considering, but also the experience of each individual member.
    
    Because many Earth observations systems have some degree of national and international security implications, certain barriers to cooperation exist. International competition also plays an important part in cooperative decisions. This paper also examines these and considerations, which are changing rapidly as global transparency of Earth observations increases and Earth observations technical capability proliferates.
    
    This paper also concludes that unlike most other space activities, cooperation in Earth observations is, or should be, imperative because weather, climate, and environmental change do not respect national borders. Understanding and acting on adverse changes in the environment are enormously advanced and enhanced by entering into bilateral and multilateral cooperation. 
    
    Abstract document

    IAC-07-B1.1.03.pdf

    Manuscript document

    IAC-07-B1.1.03.pdf (🔒 authorized access only).

    To get the manuscript, please contact IAF Secretariat.