Ground-based experiments as a means of the development of medical support of interplanetary flights
- Paper number
IAC-08.A1.3.4
- Author
Prof. Victor Baranov, SSC RF Institute for Biomedical Problems of RAS, Russia
- Year
2008
- Abstract
Ground-based simulation experiments were widely used in the USSR for the development of the system of medical support of manned flights. Each new step on the way of human exploration of near-Earth space was preceded by a whole complex of biomedical investigations in ground-based conditions. These investigations together with investigations conducted directly in space flights made significant contribution into development of means and methods of preservation of health and maintenance of a high level of working capacity of cosmonauts during long-term staying on the near-Earth orbit (up to 438 days). Interplanetary flights with their characteristics will differ from orbital flights. In the nearest future a really possible interplanetary flight is a flight to Mars. Having conducted analysis of the difference between the Martian expedition and orbital flights it is possible to say with certainty that development of the system of its medical support will also require conduction of anticipating simulation biomedical investigations. At this, as there is always a problem of reaching of full compliance of the created model with a space flight, to reach biomedical objectives of a manned flight to Mars it is necessary to conduct investigations with the use of different models: isolation of investigators-volunteers in confined airtight facilities, antiorthostatic hypokinesia, water immersion, etc. The planned in the Institute for biomedical problems “Mars-500” experiment, the aim of which is investigation of interaction in the counter “human – environment” and obtaining of experimental data about the state of human health and working capacity, staying during 500 days in conditions of isolation in airtight confined facility and artificial habitat during the simulation of a series of peculiarities of the Martian flight, will be accompanied by conduction of parallel (satellite) experiment. The objectives of the satellite experiments are conduction of investigations and obtaining of scientific data in the interests of the Martian expedition, but that are impossible to be realized in the framework of the experiment with long-term isolation (radiobiology, toxicology, etc.).
- Abstract document
- Manuscript document
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