Countermeasures on board of the International Space Station
- Paper number
IAC-09.A1.2.4
- Author
Prof. Inessa Kozlovskaya, Institute for Biomedical Problems, Russia
- Coauthor
Prof. Anatoly Grigoriev, RF SRC - Institute of Biomedical Problems of the RAS, Russia
- Year
2009
- Abstract
The Russian system of countermeasures has been used successfully in long-term space flights by 22 Russian crewmembers of ISS missions of 129-195 days duration. The system consisted primarily of special sets of four-day physical training cycles with onboard exercise devices – a treadmill and bicycle ergometer with a system of loaders. The set of countermeasures for an extended-duration flight also included the wearing of the Penguin loading suit, a cycle of LBNP exercises at the final stage of the flight, and administration of water-salt additives and means of antigravity protection at the stage of descent and landing. The Russian inflight system to monitor to the cosmonaut’s physical conditions and fitness included the registration of the level of physical loads on the treadmill in a four-day exercise cycle, assessment of the level of physical conditioning in an 11-min incrementally increasing locomotor test on TVIS – MO-3 – and a standard incrementally increasing test on a bicycle ergometer – MO-5. Before performing an EVA in Russian Orlan-DMA suits, assessment of physical conditioning, in addition to the MO-5 test, also included manual bicycle ergometry – MO-6. While the recommended system of countermeasures was used as a basic framework, the majority of cosmonauts utilized during flights with significant alterations, changing the structure of the training, adding new elements etc. The efficacy of countermeasures that were used by different crewmembers during flight was assessed additionally by evaluation of the state of the cosmonaut’s physiological functions and work capacity level. The results of analysis of these data showed that the countermeasure system leveled out significantly the development of negative effects of weightlessness in various physiological systems of the body independent of flight duration and that the degrees of alterations recorded in different physiological changes after space flight depended strongly on the loading used by cosmonauts in training on the treadmill.
- Abstract document
- Manuscript document
(absent)