Analysis of International Treaties and Policies Related to Space Nuclear Power and Propulsion
- Paper number
IAC-19,C3,5-C4.7,3,x53481
- Author
Mr. Jericho Locke, United States, IDA Science and Technology Policy Institute
- Coauthor
Dr. Bhavya Lal, United States, IDA Science and Technology Policy Institute
- Coauthor
Mr. Jonathan Behrens, United States, IDA Science and Technology Policy Institute
- Year
2019
- Abstract
The accidental re-entry of the Soviet Kosmos 954 satellite, which dispersed radioactive debris over northern Canada, impressed upon the spacefaring world the international nature of the operation of space nuclear systems in space. As this accident showed, the launch and use of radionuclides can pose a safety and security threat that transcends national borders. Space nuclear activities fall under the jurisdiction of five space international treaties and are guided by nonbinding resolutions. As interest in space nuclear systems grows, especially among new State and commercial actors, it is important that this corpus of international policy is reviewed to ensure that it is well-understood, and sufficiently guides nuclear activities. The research presented in this paper reviews these international treaties and resolutions, along with the secondary literature, to determine their relevance for space nuclear systems. Furthermore, we seek to ascertain whether these documents are sufficient to guide safe and secure nuclear launch and operation in space, and, if not, what changes could be made to ensure the safe development and use of such systems. We find that international law covers liability in the event of an accident, but may not sufficiently deter or limit accidents, especially in light of new technologies and the expansion of access to space. The nonbinding principles of Resolution 47/68 give guidance for safe operation, but could be controversial—especially regarding the use of high or low enriched uranium. This research explores these controversies and suggests a path forward that will enable the safe and secure use of space nuclear systems from an international perspective.
- Abstract document
- Manuscript document
IAC-19,C3,5-C4.7,3,x53481.pdf (🔒 authorized access only).
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