Artemis Accords, and analysis of the development of Transparency and Confidence-Building Measures (TCBMs) for involvement of small and medium space agencies.

Paper number

IAC-23,E7,IPB,2,x76147

Author

Mr. Vugar Mammadov, Azercosmos, Space Agency of Republic of Azerbaijan, Azerbaijan

Coauthor

Mr. Riccardo Loschi, Space Arbitration Association, Switzerland

Year

2023

Abstract

The Artemis Accords is one of the trending civil space programs that have been led by prominent space actors, such as the NASA. This program aims to promote outer space exploration for peaceful puroposes which indeed an enormous project that demands financial and legal sustainability. However, Transparency and Confidence-Building Measures(TCBMs) lack of in this document. While taking into account that the LTS Guidelines also encourage to enable emerging space countries to use outer space activities for civil purposes, the TCBMs can become at stake in order to keep fair balance between emerging and developed space countries.
Nevertheless, the purpose of these Accords is "to establish a common vision via a practical set of principles, guidelines, and best practices to enhance the governance of the civil exploration”, development of Transparency and Confidence-Building Measures (TCBMs) within guidelines and rules of the Artemis Accords is one of the research gaps as well. Besides that, I would like to note that analysis of the due diligence and precautionary principles which indeed can be considered parts of the TCBMs are required according to the standards of the Artemis Accords. 
Because for Parties it is mandatory to execute transparency in the wide dissemination of information regarding their domestic space policies and plans for space exploration in accordance with national rules and regulations. In the meanwhile, this document calls for the signatories intend to disclose in good faith to the public and the international scientific community scientific information arising from their activities under these agreements in compliance with Article XI of the Outer Space Treaty.
To sum up, analsysis of the due diligence, consultations in good faith, and examination of the precautionary principle within Artemis Accords shall be presented in the planned workshop.

Abstract document

IAC-23,E7,IPB,2,x76147.brief.pdf

Manuscript document

IAC-23,E7,IPB,2,x76147.pdf (🔒 authorized access only).

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